INTRODUCTION PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY towards Afghanistan during the last seventy nine years has been through various changes due to the international conditions, changing positions of power and changing calculations of strategies. Since the beginning of the fight over the Durand Line, the Cold War, proxy wars in the Soviet-Afghan war, and Taliban regime support, post-9/11…
Introduction Pakistan is a federal republic, having three levels of government, i.e. national, provincial and local. Articles 32 and 140-A of the constitution protect the local government. There are also local-government-enabling legislations and ministries in each province in charge of implementation. The district councils and the metropolitan corporations are respectively the highest rural and urban…
On August 14, 1947, Pakistan as a nation was born from the partition of British India with the express guarantee of creating a democratic homeland for the Muslims. The founding father, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, had envisioned Pakistan as a modern democratic state in which all citizens regardless of their religion, caste or creed – would…
Introduction Since the fall of Kabul Afghan soil has become a safe heaven for terrorists groups operating in Pakistan Maleeha Lodhi When the US Army was leaving Kabul and Taliban was taking power it was considered than that peace would come in the region. Contrary to this, Afghan soil has now become a safe haven…
INTRODUCTION Cyber laws are sine qua non for 21st century but, not at the cost of throttling the free speech and freedom of expression. since the advent of cyberspace and technological advancement in virtual world, digital delinquency has also created severe enigmas. Such as data theft, harassments, blackmailing’s, cyberterrorism, hate speech, unauthorized information system access,…
